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Wen Xuan
The ''Wen xuan'' ( ; ), or ''Selections of Refined Literature'', is one of the earliest and most important anthologies of Chinese poetry and literature, and is one of the world's oldest literary anthologies to be arranged by topic. It is a selection of what were judged to be the best poetic and prose pieces from the late Warring States period (c. 300 BC) to the early Liang dynasty (c. AD 500).〔Wilt Idema and Lloyd Haft, ''A Guide to Chinese Literature'' (Ann Arbor: Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan, 1997): 112.〕 The ''Wen xuan'' preserves most of the greatest ''fu'' rhapsody and ''shi'' poetry pieces from the Qin and Han dynasties, and for much of pre-modern history was one of the primary sources of literary knowledge for educated Chinese.〔Knechtges (1982): 1.〕
The ''Wen xuan'' was compiled between AD 520 and 530 in the city of Jiankang (modern Nanjing) during the Liang dynasty by Xiao Tong, the eldest son of Emperor Wu of Liang, and a group of scholars he had assembled. The Liang dynasty, though short-lived, was a period of intense literary activity, and the ruling Xiao family ensured that eminent writers and scholars were frequently invited to the imperial and provincial courts.〔Knechtges (1982): 4.〕 As Crown Prince, Xiao Tong received the best classical Chinese education available and began selecting pieces for his new anthology in his early twenties. The ''Wen xuan'' contains 761 separate pieces organized into 37 literary categories, the largest and most well known being "Rhapsodies" (''fu'') and "Lyric Poetry" (''shi'').
Study of the ''Wen xuan'' enjoyed immense popularity during the Tang dynasty, and its study rivalled that of the Five Classics during that period. The ''Wen Xuan'' was required reading for any aspiring scholar and official even into the Song dynasty, as evidenced by the medieval Chinese rhyme "''Wen xuan'' study thoroughly done / Half your licentiate already won" (''Wénxuǎn làn, xiùcái bàn'' 文選爛，秀才半). Throughout the Yuan and Ming dynasties study of the ''Wen xuan'' lapsed out of popularity, though the great philologists of the Qing dynasty revived its study to some extent.
Three volumes of the first full English translation of the ''Wen Xuan'' have been published by David R. Knechtges, professor of Chinese at the University of Washington, who aims to eventually complete the translation in five additional volumes.
==History==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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